It can also be caused by a diet lacking in B12, problems with absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, as well as recreational nitrous oxide use
Nobody knows yet
BPC 157 has beneficial effects and thus leads to stomach cytoprotection organoprotection of the whole gastrointestinal tract, including both prophylactic and therapeutic effects for pre-existing lesions in individuals with the most complex disturbances, such as internal and external fistulas, or anastomosis complicated with severe colitis (indicated as +1)
However, elevated B12 levels could be a sign of excess supplementation, increased transport proteins, a haematological or autoimmune process, or chronic disorders such as renal failure, cancer or hepatic disease
Add to that the lack of a gold-standard test for deficiency, and you can see why its an easy issue to miss