(145(6)):770-775 doi:10.1159/000515012
first discovered plasma intestinal flora-dependent small molecule metabolic spectrum by metabonomics and found that the plasma levels of TMAO and its precursors, choline and betaine, can predict the risk of human cardiovascular disease, thus identifying a novel relationship between intestinal flora and metabolic health ( In this paper, we describe in detail how TMAO promotes the transformation of macrophages to foam cells, which lead to reverse cholesterol transport that inhibits bile acid and sterol metabolism, and at the same time enhances the hyperactivity of platelets, which leads to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques
Additionally, there are implications for patients with CKD and those undergoing hemodialysis
[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 10.Gotvaldov K, pakov J, Novotn J, Baslarov K, Jeek P, Rossmeislov L, et al
In cachectic cancer patients, low serum carnitine levels have been reported, and this change has been suggested to play an important contributory role in the development of cachexia