Secondary L-carnitine deficiency, having different etiologies (lowered L-carnitine content in the diet, disturbances in absorption and transport, increased urinary excretion, and diseases of liver or kidneys, occurs more frequently but is less harmful than primary carnitine deficiency
When levels fall behind, the effects show up in the places athletes care about most: recovery time, sustained energy, muscle repair, and immune resilience
Citrus fruits, berries, peppers, and leafy greens provide dietary vitamin C
Our observations support a beneficial role of adopting an overall healthy lifestyle including prudent diet, physical activity, sufficient sleep, moderate alcohol intake, and avoidance of smoking
approximately 99% of serum IGF-1 is protein-bound at any moment [1]