This activation is crucial as it escalates the release of downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, TNF-, and IL-6 [53]
Coined as cancer-testes antigens (CTAs) by Old and Chen in 1997 (279, 280), these proteins form over 70 families with more than 170 members, extensively documented in various cancer databases (281)
Excessive UV irradiation, based on molecular perturbations and genetic lesions, impairs the homeostatic functionality of cutaneous immune cells
Yamazaki N, Yamanaka Y, Hashimoto Y, Shinohara Y, Shima A, Terada H: Structural features of the gene encoding human muscle type carnitine palmitoyltransferase I
While peptides like BPC 157 are not yet FDA-approved, they are rapidly gaining popularity due to their effectiveness in clinical practice