The benzyl preservative preservative inhibits microbial growth, allowing a single vial to be punctured multiple times over a 28-day window when stored at 28C
Key Advantages: Broad-spectrum antimicrobial without resistance, biofilm disruption, immune-stimulating
Evidence snapshot: The strongest human evidence comes from a 2-year randomized controlled trial in 65 healthy older adults (Nass et al., 2008, Annals of Internal Medicine) showing sustained GH/IGF-1 increases and preserved fat-free mass, plus an earlier short-term human polysomnography study on sleep (Copinschi et al., 1997, Neuroendocrinology, PMID 9349662)
USP bacteriostatic water for injection has a fixed formula: sterile, non-pyrogenic water with 0.9% benzyl alcohol
Ac-SDKP ameliorates the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via inhibition of ER stress and oxidative stress in the hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice