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Daughaday WH, Hall K, Raben MS, Salmon WD Jr, van den Brande JL, van Wyk JJ
doi: 10.1055/s-0041-107379
Success depends on: Molecular size: Smaller peptides ( 3000 Da): TB-500 (4963 Da) - too large Growth hormone (22,000 Da) - way too large IGF-1 (7649 Da) - too large These require injection Most healing peptides: BPC-157 : Questionable nasal (injection or oral better) TB-500: Definitely injection only Most tissue repair peptides designed for injection Growth hormone secretagogues: Ipamorelin : Injection only CJC-1295 : Injection only GH peptides not designed for nasal Bioavailability too low nasally Weight loss peptides: Semaglutide : Injection only (or oral tablet form exists) Tirzepatide : Injection only These require subcutaneous delivery Rule of thumb: If the peptide is commonly injected by everyone probably needs injection If nasal spray versions are popular nasal likely works When in doubt injection more reliable How to properly use nasal spray peptides Technique makes or breaks results
Materials and methods: We randomized 29 patients with T1DM aged 13-21 years who were using both an insulin pump and continuous glucose monitor (CGM) to 1 of 3 interventions: an LCD (25-35% of daily caloric intake from carbohydrates, n=11), an equicaloric SCD (45-65% carbohydrate, n=9), or a general diabetes education program with no specific dietary recommendations (control, n=9)
