Structure 12 , 16831691 (2004)
The free radical scavenging ability and high antioxidant activity of betanin are linked to the presence of phenolic hydroxy groups in the structure (Costa et al., 2017)
Conventionally, antibiotics are classified as cell wall inhibitors, protein synthesis inhibitors, nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors, antimetabolites, and cytoplasmic membrane inhibitors (Pancu et al., 2021
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Additionally, mitochondrial energy metabolism and inflammatory cytokines pathways were unaffected or downregulated, and no changes in functional readouts like hand grip strength were observed