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By suppressing TGF-1 expression and preventing Smad2/3 phosphorylation, luteolin downregulates core ECM components, such as collagen I, fibronectin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (-SMA), thereby limiting myofibroblast activation and pathological ECM accumulation

[44] Brass EP.Ann N Y Acad Sci

According to Drymon, this occurred in 1996, shortly after the end of Rocko's Modern Life

Melanotan 2 (MT2) is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide and non-selective agonist of the melanocortin receptor family

Animal models have demonstrated cytoprotective effects in inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, and gut permeability studies [2]