Despite their small size, they have immense biological significance in molecular biology: peptides function as a peptide hormone like PPY, enzymes, neurotransmitters, and signal molecules that mediate immune responses, cell signaling, tissue repair, and metabolic regulation
Whilst typically producing modest weight loss (23 kg on average), metformin can improve metabolic parameters, restore menstrual regularity, and reduce diabetes risk
The platform itself typically does not make prescribing decisions - independent clinicians do
MurrayAJKnightNSColeMACochlinLECarterETchabanenkoKet alNovel ketone diet enhances physical and cognitive performance
This relationship exists partly because excess weight triggers chronic low-grade inflammation, elevates stress hormones like cortisol, and disrupts sleep architectureall factors that amplify anxiety