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30 Keap1 regulates the transcription factor Nrf2 by promoting its ubiquitination and degradation under normal conditions

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In addition to neuroimmune regulation, various microbial metabolites affect oxidative stress pathways, with particular indole derivatives and butyrate increasing antioxidant enzyme expression and decreasing reactive oxygen species buildup in neurons

Kunpeng Li and Kyle Whiddon at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) for their cryo-EM technical support, and the High-Performance Computing Resource CWRU Core facility for their computational support

Accordingly, immunohistochemistry revealed that recombinant CXCL10 treatment sharply increased the level of p-FOXO3A in the nucleus of PMFs from the CXCL10 group, whereas IL18R1 antibody treatment reversed this increase to levels close to those of the control in the 10+18ab group (Fig