(PubMed) Koc H, Mar MH, Ranasinghe A, Swenberg JA, Zeisel SH
Notably, pro-inflammatory cytokines are also secreted by visceral adipose tissue in obesity and, together with the inhibition of IRS-1 mediated by TNF-, inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and NK- B inhibitor, serve as major inflammatory mechanisms linking obesity with IR [75, 82]
On safety, the published Phase 2 data reported that gastrointestinal effects nausea, vomiting, and constipation among them were the most common adverse events, were generally mild to moderate, and usually occurred during the escalation phase of the protocol
This is concerning because different "normal" but suboptimal micronutrient levels (also called marginal deficiencies or inadequacies) have been associated with various chronic health conditions, including cardiovascular disease, cancers, and stroke
In a study investigating the mechanism of this effect, researchers used pancreatic tissue fragments from normal and diabetic rats