Studies in animal models of PD, have observed BBB disruption, providing support for the vascular neurodegeneration hypothesis (Al-Bachari et al
The The CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review) Expert Panel concluded Kojic Acid is safe for use in cosmetic products at concentrations up to 1% and the EU's SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety) considers it safe as a skin lightening agent at concentrations up to 0.7%
In the depressive brain, the secretion of diverse neurotransmitters is not stable compared to that in the normal brain
Oncogene 25:163948, PMID: 16550164 Coles BF, Morel F, Rauch C, Huber WW, Yang M, Teitel CH, Green B, Lang NP, Kadlubar FF (2001) Effect of polymorphism in the human glutathione S -transferase A1 promoter on hepatic GSTA1 and GSTA2 expression
Transient fatigue or mild headache on first few injections reported anecdotally, typically resolves within the first week as tissue-level signaling settles