Vitamin B12 plays an important role in supporting normal energy metabolism, red blood cell production and nervous system function
Lipid peroxidation staining Intracellular lipid peroxide (LPO) levels were measured using a lipid peroxidation kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) according to the manufacturers instructions
Due to hemolysis of red blood cells during sample collection, one subject was excluded from all analyses ( N = 12 final subjects)
In OA, GSH was reported to enhance the antioxidative capacity of hyaluronic acid and modulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes [156]
This includes cellular metabolic balance, including glucose metabolism [5], lipid metabolism [6], and amino acid metabolism