The Global Burden of Disease Study, 2017 reported that oral health disorder affects nearly 3.5 billion people worldwide (46)
Numerous bioactive phytochemicals, such as Saponins and Flavonoids have been isolated and identified from Tribulus Terrestris that are effective in improving male hormone levels, stamina, libido and performance of men
Similarly, ICV injection of Ex-4 increased c-fos expression in alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)-immunoreactive neurons in the ARC of mice (Dalvi et al., 2008) and mice (Ronnekleiv et al., 2014) suggesting that GLP-1 can act directly on these neurons
Nasal sprays allow for a non-invasive and convenient option compared to injections, making them more user-friendly for laboratory use
Data availability The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request