Unlike peptide-based incretins, this is a Small Molecule Inhibitor targeting the cytosolic enzyme Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT)
The standard regimen involves: Loading doses without neurological involvement : 1 mg intramuscularly three times a week for 2 weeks [3] [8] Loading doses with neurological involvement : 1 mg intramuscularly on alternate days until no further improvement [3] [8] Maintenance therapy : 1 mg every 23 months for life in cases of pernicious anaemia or irreversible malabsorption (every 2 months if neurological involvement) [3] [8] This aggressive approach aims to prevent irreversible neurological damage, though recovery of established neuropathy may be incomplete, particularly if treatment is delayed
Approximately 1% of oral B12 is absorbed through passive diffusion, independent of intrinsic factor, making high doses effective even in pernicious anaemia
Mechanisms of Action Stimulates lipolysis: Enhances the breakdown of stored fat into free fatty acids, which can then be used for energy Inhibits lipogenesis: Suppresses the enzymes responsible for creating new fat tissue, reducing the bodys tendency to store excess energy as fat Promotes fat oxidation: Encourages the body to burn fat as fuel, especially in combination with calorie control and exercise
thetaiotaomicron (100 l overnight culture) in 10 ml of pre-reduced low-glucose Dulbeccos Modified Eagles medium (Gibco Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA) supplemented with cyanocobalamin at 0 ppm, 0.01 ppm, and 15 ppm, which was subsequently incubated for 6 h