Glucose tolerance was quantified as the AUC integrated from 0-120 min
If the powder looks clumped, sticky, discolored, or has collapsed into a solid mass, moisture may have gotten in and stability is compromised
Topical effects Most reported topical effects are mild and local: redness, tingling, dryness, or transient irritation at the application site, typically more common with concentrations above 4%
Liposomes can fuse with cellular membranes, dumping their cargo directly into the cell or facilitating endosomal escape if internalized, a process significantly more efficient than passive diffusion of the free peptide
It improves overall circulation to injured areas, promotes cell migration from distant locations, and reduces systemic inflammation that can perpetuate the injury cycle