10.21037/tlcr-21-303 270 ZhangW.JiangB.LiuY.XuL.WanM
Movies were obtained using serialEM at a dose rate of about 26.7 electrons per A 2 per second with a defocus ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 m
Rats were kept at room temperature and 4060% humidity in a 12 h light/12 h dark cycle with free access to chow (19% protein, AL- Fajr feed Co., Egypt) and water
(3) HG + GSH (4 mg/mL)
In the lungs, after entering in type II alveolar cells, SARS-CoV-2 infected cells become defective for surfactant production (Ghati et al., 2021) and release cytokines, like IL-8 among others, which in turn activate alveolar macrophages to release IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-, that induce natural killer and dendritic cell differentiation and macrophage M1 polarization, enhancing the proinflammatory response with increased vasodilation causing neutrophil and activated T cell influx from the capillaries into the alveolus, all leading to the cytokine storm (Carcaterra and Caruso, 2021