Instead, patients often experience a complex constellation of neurological, cognitive, and immunological complaints that overlap with many other chronic conditions
This system is highly expressed in astrocytes, the main GSH synthesizing cells in the brain, and is regulated by various factors, including oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines Once synthesized, GSH can be metabolized by various enzymes, including glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), which conjugate GSH with xenobiotics and endogenous electrophiles for elimination, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), which cleaves GSH into its constituent amino acids and generates extracellular glutamate, a major neurotransmitter in the brain
Studies with exogenous GSSG supplementation have documented that GSSG exposure is associated with apoptosis induction involving the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway 35
Biochem Bioph Res Co 285:10711075 Leuthner B, Aichinger C, Oehmen E, Koopmann E, Mller O, Mller P, Kahmann R, Blker M, Schreier PH (2005) A H 2 O 2 -producing glyoxal oxidase is required for filamentous growth and pathogenicity in Ustilago maydis
Nutrients 2017