Production, isolation, structure determination and biological activities
EPA can be transformed into three-series prostaglandins, thromboxanes, five-series leukotrienes, endocannabinoids, eicosapentanoyl glycerol, and eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide, while DHA gives rise to docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide and docosahexaenoyl glycerol (49)
A key mechanistic observation underpinning biological aging is the progressive accumulation of adventitious hydrocarbons on the titanium oxide surface during storage (often detected as increased surface carbon by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS))
Side effects are rare but may include mild fatigue, light nausea, or a slight headache
The specific pharmacological effects and associated mechanisms are detailed in Supplementary materials Table 2