Some factors associated with low intrinsic factor include: Being over 60 Northern European or Scandinavian ancestry A family history of intrinsic factor issues Autoimmune conditions such as Type 1 diabetes Surgeries where part of the stomach has been removed Other factors that may affect intrinsic factor or overall B12 absorption include: Stomach lining inflammation Conditions affecting the small intestine Long-term use of antacids Disruption of gut flora Certain gastrointestinal infections If any of the above apply, holding B12 sublingually for 30 seconds before swallowing may be helpful
GSK3 is a protein kinase specific to serine and threonine and plays a crucial role in the Wnt signaling pathway [138]
What to track Keep a simple daily log that records bowel movement frequency (how many per day), stool consistency (use the Bristol Stool Scale, aiming for Type 3 or 4), ease of passage (straining versus comfortable), abdominal symptoms (bloating, cramping, gas), water intake (in ounces), fiber intake (approximate grams), exercise (type and duration), and any supplements or laxatives used
Any suspected side effects should be reported via the MHRA Yellow Card Scheme (yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk)
doi: 10.46747/cfp.6811796
