Lowering inflammatory cytokines Studies in Nature and Diabetes show that GLP-1 reduces cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1, which are major players in autoimmune diseases and arthritis
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In addition, CXC chemokine receptors also implicate in RA, such as CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR6, and CXCR8
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Additionally, the study delved into the possible role of the FAK-paxillin pathway (a pair of focal adhesion-linked proteins that relay signals following integrins) in conveying the action of BPC-157. Western blot tests hinted that the phosphorylation rates of both FAK and paxillin seemed to rise with BPC 157, yet the overall protein quantities stayed constant.(8)