Mutations in the ETGE motif disrupt the high-affinity binding of Keap1 with Nrf2
Oxidative stress also contributes to thyrocyte apoptosis, with reduced antioxidant defenses (e.g., glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity) often observed in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis
These include dietary substances such as certain fatty acids and amino acids, vitamins, antioxidant plant substances including carotenoids and flavonoids, but also various types of spices [21]
This correlated with rescue of muscle weight/body weight ratios in older mice in locomotory (gastrocnemius, quadriceps, triceps) and respiratory (diaphragm) muscles
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