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Phases of wound healing

A future challenge is to identify highly selective and potent, small-molecule drugs capable of activating CaMKK2 in the brain, which can then be validated preclinically in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) and animal models of bipolar disorder

The mechanism has been associated with enhanced blood flow to active musculature, however, it might be more far-reaching as either ammonia homeostasis could be improved, or ATP production could be increased via greater availability of malate

Why they matter: Large randomised cardiovascular and renal outcome trials (EMPA-REG OUTCOME, DAPA-HF, DAPA-CKD, EMPEROR-Reduced/Preserved, CREDENCE, EMPA-KIDNEY) consistently showed reductions in heart-failure hospitalisation, progression of chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular death

Instead, it increases growth hormone levels, which can indirectly affect other hormones in the body