Levels of carnitine have already been shown to decrease during pregnancy, while the reason is unknown
For instance, PAGln significantly alleviates doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity via gut microbial metabolism regulation, reverses abnormal myocardial gene expression (e.g., Klb, Ece2, Casq1), and mitigates myocardial injury and apoptosis through mechanisms involving lipid metabolism, calcium signaling pathways, and store-operated Ca 2+ channel activity (Huang et al., 2025)
Then conduct adequately powered cohort studies or RCTs to definitively determine its efficacy in improving neurodevelopmental outcomes and preventing complications
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In either case, it's possible that only the overweight or obese people lost weight following supplementation since carnitine concentrations are known to be decreased in higher fat individuals