This study offers a comparative policy surveillance framework that acknowledges the complexity of both alcohol and tobacco control and assesses countries on their progress in tobacco and alcohol control beyond demand and supply-reduction measures, by looking into the WHO health system building blockswith particular focus on leadership and governance, financing, human resources, information, service delivery and access to essential medicines [ Methods We used a systems approach to develop a scorecard measuring the progress of the Philippines and Singapore in tobacco and alcohol control, based on the WHOs health systems six building blocks (leadership and governance, financing, human resources, information, service delivery and medical products and technologies) vis--vis Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Health and Well-Being) outcome indicators, the FCTC, and the Global Alcohol Strategy [ We drew on methodology from transdisciplinary public health law, particularly policy surveillance, which involves the empirical tracking of law and policies of disease, and global health law which focuses on international law and health [ For the policy surveillance, we conducted an online document search to include official English versions of policy documents (legislation, implementing rules and subsidiary regulations and related guidelines specific to tobacco and alcohol) and reports from the websites of the WHO, websites of various Philippine and Singapore government agencies and online policy databases
Based on the 2019 population, scaup dropped into the restrictive package, which allows for a 45-day season with a two-bird daily bag limit and then a 15-day season with a one-bird daily bag limit
The Rabbit A3 can change the air four times an hour in a 535 sq
This column also appeared in The Manila Times .
doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-3-27 40 MagoT.SalzbergS
