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Abbreviations AHR: Adjusted hazard rate ASH: Action on Smoking and Health AOR: Adjusted odds ratio ARR: Adjusted risk ratio CI: Confidence interval COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease EC: Electronic cigarette eCO: Expired carbon monoxide eNO: Expired nitric oxide EPA: Environmental Protection Agency HRCT: High-resolution computed tomography NHIS: National Health Interview Survey PATH: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health PICO: Population, intervention, comparator, outcomes PRISMA: Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses RCT: Randomized controlled trial VERITAS Study: The Vaping Effects: Real-World International Surveillance Study WHO: World Health Organization References National Academies of Sciences E, Medicine (2018) Public health consequences of E-cigarettes
In fact, the opposite may be true
By not assessing whether smoking trends actually changed, rather than simply declined, the study incorrectly attributed the declines between 2014 and 2019 to vaping
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