penn state e cigarette dependence index Nicotine | Center for Research on Tobacco and Health | College of Medicine penn state electronic cigarette dependence

Not something that we need more of in a teenager or a young adult. E-cigarettes are still relatively new, and researchers need to conduct more analysis over a more extended period to know what the long-term effects may be

Users of high-voltage e-cigarettes need to be warned about this increased risk of harmful effects. Goniewicz recommended further research to examine other product characteristics that may impact toxicity, such as the types of heating elements, flavorings, additives and product storage conditions

Two years later, the Federal Communications Commission ordered TV and radio stations to provide free air time for anti-smoking public service announcements

Yet diacetyl is used in over 60% of sweet-flavored vapes, and just three to four puffs a day far exceeds exposure limits set by OSHA

The harmful effects of smoking had just started to become public knowledge at that time