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A narrows blood vessels, which affects circulation causes DNA damage oxidative stress inflammation makes neurotransmitter receptors less sensitive hair thinning In particular, the systematic review notes that nicotine narrows blood vessels, which lowers the amount of blood flow to the scalp

It also helps if they keep their hands clean by washing them frequently as well as avoiding close contact with people who are ill, she said

Smoking leads to similar issues, plus tooth discolouration and increased gum disease risk

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doi: 10.1093/her/cyae018, 33