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En 1954, avec A Frank Statement to Cigarette Smokers (en) : l'industrie du tabac organise la premire campagne de masse pour rfuter la nocivit du tabagisme [4]

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Abbreviations COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease EMT: Epithelialmesenchymal transition TGF-: Transforming growth factor- CS: Cigarette smoke CSE: Cigarette smoke extract DAMP: Damage-associated molecular patterns PAMPS: Pathogen-associated molecular patterns ROS: Reactive oxygen species TLRs: Tolllike receptors NLRs: NODlike receptors RNS: Reactive nitric oxide ER: Endoplasmic reticulum UPR: Unfolded protein response FSP1: Fibroblast specific protein 1 2M: 2-Microglobulin MHC I: Major histocompatibility complex TGF-: Transforming growth factor- NF-kB: Nuclear factor-kappa B NAC: N -Acetylcysteine SABA: Short-acting Beta2-agonists LABA: Long-acting Beta2-agonists SAMAs: Short-acting antimuscarinics LAMAs: Long-acting muscarinic antagonists ICS: Inhaled corticosteroids PDE4: Phosphodiesterase-4 uPA: Urokinase-type plasminogen activators uPAR: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor ADSC: Adipose-derived stem cell ADSC-CM: Adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned medium References Global Strategy for Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of COPD: 2022 report

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2 Long term use of waterpipe tobacco, also known as hookah or shisha, is associated with mouth and lip cancers