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Improved Health Quitting smoking reduces the risk of developing smoking-related diseases such as lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, and respiratory illnesses

Given the potential confounding effect of smoked tobacco among dual users that may not be fully captured in our adjustment bias covariates, we also examined the impact of chewing tobacco derived only using observations from non-smoking study samples

We also excluded patients with uncontrolled congestive heart failure, severe renal impairment, active infection, malignancy, or pregnancy to ensure that the study population was as homogeneous as possible and to reduce the risk of bias

What Are The Symptoms Of Tobacco Addiction